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As the Mamlukes were inducted into the armies and the Turks dominated the armed forces, the slaves came to be referred to as Mamluke Turks. The Turks displaced the Arabs and the Persians from the centers of power in Asia during the 9th and 10th centuries and became kingmakers.
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However, it was with the rise of the Turks that the Mamlukes came into their own. The Spanish court of Cordoba as well as the Fatimid court in Cairo employed Mamluke bodyguards. Young Mamluke men were trained in special camps as bodyguards, taught the precepts of Islam and inducted into the army. The European slaves were in great demand in Muslim courts because the men made excellent soldiers and the women were sought for their fair skin.
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The root word in Arabic for Mamluke is m-l-k (malaka, to own). Ibn Fadlun gives a graphic picture of the deplorable conditions in the Viking slave ships. Men, women and children were captured in northern and eastern Europe, brought down the Volga River and sold to Muslim and Jewish merchants. Eastern Europe, fossilized as it was between local fiefdoms, was a particular target of these raids. The Vikings raided Europe with unrelenting ferocity in search of booty and slaves. In the 9th and 10th centuries, there was a brisk slave trade down the Volga River, near the Caspian Sea. The history of the Mamlukes illustrates this observation. Islam liberated men and women from the shackles of slavery and made them masters of the world. The film was based on the life of the only female Sultan of Delhi and her relationship with a slave.Contributed by Prof.
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Jan Nisar Akhtar wrote, “Aye dil-e-nadaan, aye dil-e-nadaan, arzoo kya hai, justajoo kya hai”. Burman with words by Majrooh Sultanpuri, it had Hema and Rajesh Khanna in the lead.Ī gem from music director Khayyam, sung beautifully by Mangeshkar. Though the film was known more for Kishore’s ‘Humein Tumse Pyar Kitna’, the Mangeshkar solo ‘Tu Ne O Rangeele’ was popular too. Music was by Laxmikant-Pyarelal and lyrics were by Bakshi. Some felt it was different from Mangeshkar’s regular style because of its pop nature, but the rendition was perfect. The song was filmed on Hema and Amitabh Bachchan in a five-star hotel setting. Mangeshkar’s singing was filled with pathos and the picturisation on Hema was perfect. Burman-Gulzar combination, this one shone with the lines “Ab ke na saawan barse, ab ke baras to barsegi akhiyaan”. Hema and Rajesh Khanna appeared on screen. Burman, it had Bakshi’s lines “Mere naina saawan bhaadon phir bhi mera man pyaasa”. The Kishore Kumar version of this song became more popular but Mangeshkar’s rendition of the same tune was equally beautiful. Mere Naina Saawan Bhaadon/ Mehbooba (1976) Burman used minimal orchestration and Mangeshkar’s singing was sublime.Ĭoming towards the end of the blockbuster film, it had Basanti (Hema) dancing in Gabbar Singh’s (Amjad Khan) den, as a tied-up Veeru (Dharmendra) watched helplessly. Rajesh Khanna appeared in a drunken role.īeautifully written by Gulzar, this song had the lines “Do nainon mein aansoon bhare hain, nindiya kaise samaaye”. Hema posed with a veena to lip-sync Bakshi’s lines, “Yeh kaisa sur mandir hai jis mein sangeet nahin, geet likhe deewaron pe gaane ki reet nahin”. Yeh Kaisa Sur Mandir Hai/ Prem nagar (1974) The song was filmed on Hema and Dharmendra.ģ. Burman, this song was all about hope with Anand Bakshi writing, “Aaj nahin toh kal mehkegi khwabon ki mehfil” and “Naya zamana aayega”. Kitne Din Aankhen Tarsengi/ Naya Zamana (1971) Music was by Kalyanji-Anandji and lyrics were by Indeevar, who wrote, “O babul pyare, o roye payal ki cham cham, o siske saanson ki sargam, o nis din tujhe pukare mann ho”.Ģ. O Babul Pyaare/ Johnny Mera Naam (1970)Ī folk dance number picturised on Hema, this was sung charmingly by Mangeshkar. This list of Mangeshkar gems is chronological. A rare exception one can think of where another singer took over was the film Meera, where composer Ravi Shankar opted for Vani Jairam’s voice. To celebrate Hema’s birthday on October 16, we choose 10 songs sung by the nightingale, whose voice seemed to be made for the actress. Interestingly, a sizeable chunk of her solo songs were sung by Lata Mangeshkar. On the occasion of her birthday on October 16, Narendra Kusnur picks 10 songs that Lata Mangeshkar rendered for the superstarĭream Girl Hema Malini had some great songs filmed on her through the 1970s and into the first half of the following decade. It’s as if her voice was made for Hema Malini.